CClicences

<img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a graphic of a man."; style ="display: block;"> This is a great one: the Creative Commons Attribution licence, the most open of all CC licences. Now, here’s the question: ''What does this licence allow you to do with the work licensed in this way?'' [[You can do whatever you want with it, end of story|CC BY wrong]] [[You can do whatever you like with it, as long as you acknowledge the creator|CC BY right]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a graphic of a man.";> ''Oh, no, no, no, $name... '' That is the Creative Commons Licence Attribution icon. You can include CC BY material, build upon it, and even sell new creations if you acknowledge the original creator or copyright owner. ''Key condition:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator Under all licence versions, a licensor may choose to release works anonymously and waive the attribution requirement by not providing authorship details. <small>The full terms are available on the licence’s <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[Ready for the next question?|CC BY NC]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yesWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a graphic of a man.";> ''Bravo!'' You can include CC BY material, build upon it, and even sell new creations if you acknowledge the original creator or copyright owner. ''Key condition:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator Under all licence versions, a licensor may choose to release works anonymously and waive the attribution requirement by not providing authorship details. <small>The full terms are available on the licence’s <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[Ready for the next question?|CC BY NC]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign.";> ''$name, that is incorrect.'' That is the Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) icon. It signals that people can remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially. Any new works must acknowledge the original creator ''and'' remain non-commercial, meaning they cannot be used in any way primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted If you adapt material licensed under CC BY-NC, your adapted work must also include the NC restriction. <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[The next question, please...|CC BY SA]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yepWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign.";> ''Exactly, $name!'' That is the Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) icon. It signals that people can remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially. Any new works must acknowledge the original creator ''and'' remain non-commercial, meaning they cannot be used in any way primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted If you adapt material licensed under CC BY-NC, your adapted work must also include the NC restriction. <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[The next question, please...|CC BY SA]]

<img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."; style ="display: block;"> The Attribution ShareAlike... Some people find this one a little harder to understand, so here’s your question: ''What does a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike licence allow you to do?'' [[Create or share the work, provided you credit the creator and share it under the same terms|CC BY SA right]] [[Share the work, no matter what|CC BY SA wrong]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise.";> ''Oh dear, $name...'' The Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) icon means others can remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the original creator is credited and the new creation is licensed under identical terms. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * SA – Adaptations must be shared under the same licence All new works will carry the same licence, ensuring that derivatives are also permitted for commercial use. <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[Go on, look at the next question...|CC BY NC-SA]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yesWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise.";> ''Impressive, spot on, $name!'' The Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) icon means others can remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the original creator is credited and the new creation is licensed under identical terms. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * SA – Adaptations must be shared under the same licence All new works will carry the same licence, ensuring that derivatives are also permitted for commercial use. <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[Go on, look at the next question...|CC BY NC-SA]]

<img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."; style ="display: block;" style ="display: block;"> The CC licence Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike. ''What does this licence allow you to do?'' [[Share the material if you credit the original creator, do not use it commercially, and apply the same licence to any new work|CC BY NC-SA right]] [[Share the work, no matter what|CC BY NC-SA wrong]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise.";> ''Nope, $name''. The Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike icon means others can remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, provided they credit the original creator and license any new work under the same terms. All new works will carry the same licence, ensuring that derivatives acknowledge the original creator and remain non-commercial, meaning they cannot be used in any way primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted * SA – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[There are only two Creative Commons licences left. Let’s move on to the next one!|CC BY ND]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yepWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise.";> ''Yes, $name, you've got it!'' The Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike icon means others can remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, provided they credit the original creator and license any new work under the same terms. All new works will carry the same licence, ensuring that derivatives acknowledge the original creator and remain non-commercial, meaning they cannot be used in any way primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted * SA – Adaptations must be shared under the same terms <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[There are only two Creative Commons licences left. Let’s move on to the next one!|CC BY ND]]

The remaining two licences include the NoDerivatives element, which means they’re not considered truly open. Let’s look… <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with an equal “=” sign."; ="display: block;"> ''What does the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives (CC BY-ND) licence allow you to do?'' [[Redistribute the work, provided you credit the creator and keep the original unchanged|CC BY ND right]] [[Redistribute the work, as long as you credit the creator, even if it’s modified. |CC BY ND wrong]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yesWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with an equal “=” sign.";> ''Well done, $name!'' The Attribution NoDerivatives icon tells users they can redistribute the work — commercially or non-commercially, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in full, with credit to the original creator. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * ND – No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[One Creative Commons licence left... let's move on!|CC BY NC-ND]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with an equal “=” sign.";> ''No, $name!'' The Attribution NoDerivatives icon tells users they can redistribute the work — commercially or non-commercially, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in full, with credit to the original creator. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * ND – No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> [[One Creative Commons licence left... let's move on!|CC BY NC-ND]]

<img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth a with an equal “=” sign."; style ="display: block;"> The CC Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence is the most restrictive of the six. ''What does it allow you to do?'' [[Share the original work, acknowledging the creator or copyright owner, and adapt it, though only if absolutely necessary|CC BY NC-ND wrong]] [[Share the original work as it is, acknowledging the creator or copyright owner, but you cannot use it commercially|CC BY NC-ND right]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth a with an equal “=” sign.";> ''Sadly, you are incorrect, $name. '' The Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives icon represents the most restrictive of the six Creative Commons licences. It only allows others to download and share the work as it is, provided they credit the original creator. However, the work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted * ND – No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> ''The questions are finished!'' You can test yourself with this <a href="https://uniofcam.libwizard.com/f/CreativeCommons "; target="_blank">other resource</a></span>, which will open in a different tab (''don’t forget to come back!''). [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]]

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yepWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth a with an equal “=” sign.";> ''Wonderful, you are correct, $name. '' The Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives icon represents the most restrictive of the six Creative Commons licences. It only allows others to download and share the work as it is, provided they credit the original creator. However, the work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. ''Key conditions:'' * BY – Credit must be given to the creator * NC – Only non-commercial uses of the work are permitted * ND – No derivatives or adaptations of the work are permitted <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> ''The questions are finished!'' You can test yourself with this <a href="https://uniofcam.libwizard.com/f/CreativeCommons "; target="_blank">other resource</a></span>, which will open in a different tab (''don’t forget to come back!''). [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]]

$name, I’m glad you’re interested! Here’s the explanation, with an example of a CC statement: (bg:yellow)[Creative Commons Licence] (bg:cyan)[Attribution] (bg:lime)[2.5] (bg:orange)[Generic] (CC BY 2.5) Let’s break it down: (bg:yellow)[''Creative Commons Licence''] tells you it’s a CC licence. (bg:cyan)[''Attribution''] indicates the specific licence applied to the material. You should be familiar with these by now. (bg:lime)[''2.5''] is the licence version. There have been five versions, each improving on the last. Earlier versions had loopholes that could be misinterpreted and incorrectly exploited. <table style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''Version''</td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''Year''</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">1.0</td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">2002</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">2.0</td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">2004</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">2.5</td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">2005</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">3.0</td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">4.0</td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">2013</td> </tr> </table> |box>[Always use the latest version for any new work.] (bg:orange)[''Generic''] refers to the jurisdiction: * //Generic, international, and unported licences// aren’t tied to any specific legal system. * //Ported licences// were adapted to a particular jurisdiction, even though they are still valid internationally. ‘Port’ may apply to a particular technological or policy jurisdiction, territory or environment. The porting process involves translating the content and legally adapting the licences to specific jurisdictions. Ported licences were only used before version 3.0. From 3.0 onward, licences are always International. Finally, the short licence code (e.g., ''CC BY 2.5'') is usually followed by a hyperlink to the official licence page. You can use the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/chooser/"; target="_blank">Creative Commons Licence Chooser</a> to help you build the statement.</span> [[Go deeper to learn more about the versions|Versions]] [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]]

Technically, the CC licences work on a three-layer design, where you have the following: <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/cсLayers.png"; alt="Three layers are stacked vertically and slightly separated to clearly show their sections. They represent visually the Creative Commons licences, where each layer is labelled and visually distinct: the top layer, labelled "Machine Readable” and featuring a barcode, indicates the layer designed for straightforward interpretation by computers and software; the middle layer, labelled "Human Readable" and showing two icons (A graphic of a man inside a circle next to a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise inside a second circle), signifies that this part of the license is written in a way that is easily understandable by people; and a bottom layer, labelled "Legal Code" with a faded appearance and including the same markets as the latter, represents the formal, legal text of the license, providing the detailed legal framework."; align= "right";> 0. The ''Legal Code'' is the “lawyer-readable” terms and conditions legally enforceable in court 0. The ''Commons Deeds'' summarise the legal code and consist of web pages that lay out the key licence terms in “human-readable” format 0. The ''Machine-readable Version'' makes it easy for websites and web services to determine whether a work is available under a CC licence. You can use the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/chooser/"; target="_blank">Creative Commons Licence Chooser</a> to help you build the statement for our resource.</span> [[Continue...|Licences]] <small>Image: Creative Commons, CC BY 3.0 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0" target="_blank"><https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0></a></span>, via <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/%D0%A1%D1%81-license-layers.png" target="_blank"> Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</small>

CC licences are tools that empower creators to license their work from the outset. therefore, as a creator, you are free to choose the licence, unless you have contractual obligations with your employer or clients. The most important point to consider is the ''purpose of your resource and how widely you want it to be shared and used''. If you decide not to assign an open licence, users may still access your work online, but they cannot redistribute it or include it in their own work, unless you actively manage permissions yourself or through a publisher. ''Remember: assigning the most suitable licence can give your work wings!'' Look at this colourful infographic to help you choose: <div><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/ccTree.jpg"; alt="The colourful infographic from Aston University (licensed CC-BY) is a tree diagram explaining how creators can choose different Creative Commons licenses. It presents green leaves on the tree branches, a blue sky with clouds in the background, and a grassy ground with flowers. The overall design is friendly and visually appealing, making the information accessible and easy to understand. The image is titled "Creative Commons Licence Chooser” and briefly explains Creative Commons licences. It reads: "Creative Commons (CC) licences complement copyright by permitting sharing and reuse of published content with conditions." The Tree Diagram Structure has multiple branches, each representing a different Creative Commons licence. The branches split on whether the licence will allow commercial use and whether adaptations of the work are permitted. Each branch has green leaves with text indicating the licence type and answers to specific questions about the licence conditions. Starting from the trunk, the first question is, “Allow adaptations of your work to be shared?”. A positive answer will follow with a further question, “Allow commercial uses of your work?” if the chooser’s answer is positive, then the work will be licensed CC BY (Attribution); if it is negative, the licence will be CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial). If the answer to the first question, “Allow adaptations of your work to be shared?” was positive if others share alike, a further question will follow again to ascertain whether commercial uses of the work will be allowed: if the chooser’s answer is positive, then the work will be licensed CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike); if it is negative, the licence will be CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike). If the answer to the first question, “Allow adaptations of your work to be shared?” was negative, a further question will follow again to ascertain whether commercial uses of the work will be allowed: if the chooser’s answer is positive, then the work will be licensed CC BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivatives); if it is negative, the licence will be; CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives)"; style= "width: 90%; height: 90%";></div> So, let’s follow one branch; it is your choice how. //Your first decision: Do you want to allow sharing of adaptations of your work?// [[You DO wish to permit sharing any adaptations of your work|Tree Not ND]] [[You DO NOT wish to permit sharing any adaptations of your work|Tree ND]] <div><small>Image recreated from “Licence Chooser” by Aston University, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Download it from <a href="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccTree.jpg"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small></div>

(set: $bysa to 1) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch2.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself astride over a branch, which forks out again in front of you. |quote>[Your next question is whether you wish to allow commercial work uses. Do you?] (if: $bynd is 0)[[[You DO wish to allow commercial uses of your work|Tree BYND]]](if: $bynd is 1)[[[You DO wish to allow commercial uses of your work again|Tree BYND2]]] (if: $byncnd is 0)[[[You DO NOT wish to allow commercial uses of your work|Tree BYNCND]]](if: $byncnd is 1)[[[You DO NOT wish to allow commercial uses of your work again|Tree BYNCND2]]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch1.jpg"; alt="The view from a branch of a large, majestic tree, looking into its sprawling canopy ahead. The tree's thick trunk and numerous branches extend outwards and are covered with a lush layer of green leaves, allowing sunlight to filter through, casting a vibrant green glow. The leaves form a dense, almost interconnected network that gives a sense of unity and vitality. The tree bark appears textured and weathered, giving the impression of grandeur. The overall scene is serene and awe-inspiring, highlighting the natural beauty and complexity of the tree."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> //Your next decision: Do you want others to share and reuse your work ''only if they apply the same licence as you did''? // [[You DO wish people relicense the derivatives of your work in the same way|Tree SA]] [[You DO NOT mind if people were to relicense your work's derivatives in any other way|Tree Not SA]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

(set: $bynd to 1) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with an equal “=” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NoDerivatives icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself higher in the tree. You chose one of the licences that isn't truly considered Open Access. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

(set: $byncnd to 1) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth a with an equal “=” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself higher in the tree, though you chose the most restrictive of the Creative Commons licences, remember it is not truly Open Access. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch2.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself on top of one of its branches, which forks again in front of you. //Ok, so now, do you wish to allow commercial uses of your work?// (if: $bysa is 0)[[[You DO wish to allow commercial uses of your work|Tree BYSA]]](if: $bysa is 1)[[[You DO wish to allow commercial uses of your work again|Tree BYSA2]]] (if: $byncsa is 0)[[[You DO NOT wish to allow commercial uses of your work|Tree BYNCSA]]](if: $byncsa is 1)[[[You DO NOT wish to allow commercial uses of your work again|Tree BYNCSA2]]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch2.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You’ve reached another branch of the decision tree, and it forks again in front of you. //Now, your next choice: Do you want to allow commercial use of your work?// (if: $by is 0)[[[You DO wish to allow commercial uses of your work|Tree BY]]](if: $by is 1)[[[You DO wish to allow commercial uses of your work again|Tree BY2]]] (if: $bync is 0)[[[You DO NOT wish to allow commercial uses of your work|Tree BYNC]]](if: $bync is 1)[[[You DO wish to allow commercial uses of your work again|Tree BYNC2]]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

(set: $bync to 1) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small></center></div> <center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center> //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

(set:$by to 1) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a graphic of a man."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>. </small></center></div> <center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center> You find yourself higher in the tree. You chose the less restrictive licence. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

(set: $bysa to 1) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution Share-Alike icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself higher in the tree. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

(set: $byncsa to 1) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial Share-Alike icon** <small>The deeds are available on the licence’s <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div></center></div> You find yourself higher in the tree. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[You like climbing trees, so you have another go|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

You’re back at the base of the decision tree, ready to start again. Let’s revisit the first question: //$name, do you want to allow sharing of adaptations of your work?// [[You answer that you DO wish to permit sharing any adaptations of your work|Tree Not ND]] [[You answer that you DO NOT wish to permit sharing any adaptations of your work|Tree ND]]

$name, I want to emphasise your obligations when using material licensed under Creative Commons. You must comply with the terms of the licence applied by the creator. ''First rule:'' Always include proper attribution. If you combine several works, you need to attribute each one. The format of any CC licence work is as follows: //Example of a full attribution:// |quote>[<div>“Proptosis” was created by Yasser A (2017). Licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Available from <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Proptosis.jpg"; target="_blank">https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Proptosis.jpg</a></span></div>] //Permissible shorter version:// |quote>[© Yasser A. CC BY-SA 4.0] ''Second rule:'' There are some restrictions when reusing material under a CC licence, especially if you plan to adapt it or mix multiple sources. //What do you wish to explore next?// [[Adapting]] [[Mixing]] [[Finding open access resources|Jar]]

''A collection is the assembly of separate and independent creative works into a collective whole work.'' It compiles different materials together while keeping them organised as distinct, separate objects. A collection is not an adaptation because any original material remains unchanged. |boxgrey>[<div>''Think of salads!'' Where you have all the ingredients ready and you present them in a bowl.<center><img src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/salad.png"; alt="A salad bowl with sliced tomatoes, lettuce and sliced mushrooms is shown in a stylised graphic design with simple shapes and flat colours."; style= "width: 40%; height: 40%";></center></div>] Creating collections of "All rights reserved" copyrighted work may be quite tricky, and the law is open to interpretations. When you combine CC-licensed material into a collection, you must provide attribution and licensing information about each work in your collection, and you may have a separate copyright of your own that you may license, for example, for the introduction, commentary, and so forth. An example of a collection could include selecting and arranging pre-existing poems published by others into an anthology, writing an introduction, and designing a cover for the collection. Still, your copyright and the only copyright you can license extends to your arrangement of the poems (not the poems themselves), as well as your original introduction and cover. The poems are not yours to license. //$name, what do you want to do next?// [[Origins of CC licences|History]] [[Other open licences (besides CC)|Open]] [[Explore the different CC licences|CC]] [[Choosing a licence for your new work|Tree]] [[Exploring adaptations|Adapting]] <small>Image public domain</small>

''When creating new material by adapting or changing a pre-existing CC-licensed work, you must consider licence compatibility.'' While CC licences make permitted uses easier to understand, some licences do not allow adaptations at all. The following chart is a guide to ensure your derived work complies with the licence terms: <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> The left column identifies the licence of the original work. By looking across, you can see which licences you are allowed for your adapted creation. I’ll now ask you a few questions about adaptations. [[First question...|AdaptationsQ1]] <div><small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>), <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span> where you can download it.</small></div>

(set: $pd to 5) Looking at the table below, find in the left column a licence of the works and match it with the one on the top to discover a licence that may apply to a second work: * A ‘tick’ at the intersection means that works under those two licences can be remixed. * An ‘X’ means that the works may not be remixed. When deciding on a licence to use for the remix, it is better to choose the more restrictive of the two licences on the combined works to ease reuse for downstream users. <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/mixing.jpg"; alt="The chart helps users understand which Creative Commons licenses can be used together when mixing or reusing content under different licensing terms. The leftmost column lists different Creative Commons licenses, and the top row lists them again. The intersections of these rows and columns indicate whether a specific combination of licenses is compatible, where each cell in the grid either has a checkmark (signifying that the combination of licenses is compatible) or a black "X (indicating that the combination of licenses is incompatible). In particular, Public Domain and CC BY (Attribution) are compatible with all but those with a NoDerivatives element; CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike) is compatible with all but those with NonCommercial and NoDerivatives elements; CC BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) and CC BY-NC-SA (Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike) are compatible with all but CC BY-SA (Attribution-ShareAlike) and those with a NoDerivatives element; CC BY-ND Attribution-NoDerivatives and CC BY-NC-ND Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives are incompatible with any."; height="400";> Different from adaptations and remixes is creating a collection of CC-licensed resources //What do you want to discover now?// [[Learn more about collections|Collection]] [[What is the public domain?|PD]] |small>[<div> Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a></span>. Download it from <a href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Wiki/cc_license_compatibility"; target="_blank">here<a>.</span></div>]

Look at the table again: <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> ''Just a reminder:'' * The left column shows the licence of the original work you want to adapt. * By looking across the row, you’ll see which licences are allowed for your new creation. ''Colour codes:'' * Yellow boxes – Using these licences is technically permitted but not recommended, as it goes against the spirit of Creative Commons. * Grey boxes – These licences cannot be used for adaptations. ''Question:'' If you adapt a work licensed under //CC Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)//, can you relicense your new work under //CC Attribution (CC BY)//? [[Yes!|Adaptation Q1 wrong]] [[No!|Adaptation Q1 correct]] <small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>, <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.<small>

(set: $pd to 2) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> Although it’s technically possible, ''relicensing an adapted work under CC BY when the original was CC BY-NC goes against the spirit of Creative Commons''. The Attribution-NonCommercial licence (BY-NC) is more restrictive than Attribution (BY), so any adapted work ''should not'' be licensed under BY. Look at the table again: <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> ''Just a reminder:'' * The left column shows the licence of the original work you want to adapt. * By looking across the row, you’ll see which licences are allowed for your new creation. ''Colour codes:'' * Yellow boxes – Using these licences is technically permitted but not recommended, as it goes against the spirit of Creative Commons. * Grey boxes – These licences cannot be used for adaptations. ''Question:'' I have created a new work from a resource licensed under //Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)//. What licences can I choose for my creation? [[You can choose any licence, including Public Domain, BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND and BY-SA|Adaptation Q2 wrong]] [[You can choose any licence except Public Domain|Adaptation Q2 correct]] <small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>, <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</small>

(set: $pd to 1) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yesWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> ''I knew you'd get it!'' The Attribution-NonCommercial licence (BY-NC) is more restrictive than Attribution (BY), so any adapted work ''should not'' be licensed under BY. Look at the table again: <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> ''Just a reminder:'' * The left column shows the licence of the original work you want to adapt. * By looking across the row, you’ll see which licences are allowed for your new creation. ''Colour codes:'' * Yellow boxes – Using these licences is technically permitted but not recommended, as it goes against the spirit of Creative Commons. * Grey boxes – These licences cannot be used for adaptations. ''Question:'' I have created a new work from a resource licensed under //Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)//. What licences can I choose for my creation? [[You can choose any licence, including Public Domain, BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND and BY-SA|Adaptation Q2 wrong]] [[You can choose any licence except Public Domain|Adaptation Q2 correct]] <small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>, <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</small>

(Set: $pd to 4) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yesWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> ''Bravo, indeed!'' If you create a new work from a resource that was licensed CC Attribution (CC BY), you can choose any of the following licences for your creation: * Attribution (BY) * Attribution NonCommercial (BY-NC) * Attribution ShareAlike (BY-SA) * Attribution NoDerivatives (BY-ND) * Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives (BY-NC-ND) * Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) Although the licence terms technically allow you to release your work into the Public Domain, doing so would be incorrect because the original work was licensed under Creative Commons. Last question on adaptations... You’re creating a new resource and find an amazing diagram in a paper licensed //CC Attribution-NoDerivatives (CC BY-ND)//. Can you add it to your resource? <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> [[Yes, if you acknowledge it, after all, it is still Creative Commons|Adaptation Q3 wrong1]] [[No, because it is a NonDerivatives licence|Adaptation Q3 wrong2]] [[It depends|Adaptation Q3 correct]] <small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>, <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</small>

''That isn't entirely correct, but you are on the right track.'' The correct answer is that it depends on the version of the original licence and what I intend to do with my new resource. * If the original work was licensed under a CC BY ND (any version before 4.0), you cannot make any adaptations, not even for personal use. * If the original work was licensed with a CC BY ND 4.0, you may create adaptations for your own use, provided you do not share or redistribute them (the NoDerivatives element prohibits redistribution of adaptations). When deciding on a licence for an adaptation, it’s best to choose the ''more restrictive of the two licences'' on the combined works. This makes reuse easier for downstream users. <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> It’s also essential to acknowledge all CC-licensed material included in the adaptation, so you avoid issues related to older licence versions before to 4.0. //What do you want to do next?// [[Look at the details of CC licence versions|Statement]] [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]] [[Explore mixing CC-licensed works|Mixing]] <small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>, <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> ''Oh no, no... sadly, you are quite wrong. '' The correct answer is that it depends on the version of the original licence and what I intend to do with my new resource. * If the original work was licensed under a CC BY ND (any version before 4.0), you cannot make any adaptations, not even for personal use. * If the original work was licensed with a CC BY ND 4.0, you may create adaptations for your own use, provided you do not share or redistribute them (the NoDerivatives element prohibits redistribution of adaptations). When deciding on a licence for an adaptation, it’s best to choose the ''more restrictive of the two licences'' on the combined works. This makes reuse easier for downstream users. <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> It’s also essential to acknowledge all CC-licensed material included in the adaptation, so you avoid issues related to older licence versions before to 4.0. //What do you want to do next?// [[Look at the details of CC licence versions|Statement]] [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]] [[Explore mixing CC-licensed works|Mixing]] <small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>, <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</small>

(set: $pd to 2) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/yesWitch.mp3"; alt="A female voice confirming her approval." autoplay></audio> ''That’s absolutely correct!'' It depends on the version of the original licence and what I intend to do with my new resource. * If the original work was licensed under a CC BY ND (any version before 4.0), you cannot make any adaptations, not even for personal use. * If the original work was licensed with a CC BY ND 4.0, you may create adaptations for your own use, provided you do not share or redistribute them (the NoDerivatives element prohibits redistribution of adaptations). Well done! When deciding on a licence for an adaptation, it’s best to choose the ''more restrictive of the two licences'' on the combined works. This makes reuse easier for downstream users. <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> It’s also essential to acknowledge all CC-licensed material included in the adaptation, so you avoid issues related to older licence versions before to 4.0. //What do you want to do next?// [[Look at the details of CC licence versions|Statement]] [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]] [[Explore mixing CC-licensed works|Mixing]] <small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>, <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</small>

(set: $pd to 3) <audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/witchGasp.mp3"; alt="A woman voice gasping her disapproval" autoplay></audio> ''Oh, that is unfortunate.'' If you create a new work from a resource that was licensed CC Attribution (CC BY), you can choose any of the following licences for your creation: * Attribution (BY) * Attribution NonCommercial (BY-NC) * Attribution ShareAlike (BY-SA) * Attribution NoDerivatives (BY-ND) * Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives (BY-NC-ND) * Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) Although the licence terms technically allow you to release your work into the Public Domain, doing so would be incorrect because the original work was licensed under Creative Commons. Last question on adaptations... You’re creating a new resource and find an amazing diagram in a paper licensed //CC Attribution-NoDerivatives (CC BY-ND)//. Can you add it to your resource? <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/adapting.jpg"; alt="The table is titled "Adapter's licence chart" and details the compatibility of different licences for adapting works based on their original licence. It helps determine which licences are compatible for adapting works, ensuring proper usage and adherence to licensing terms. The table is organised with the "Status of original work" listed in the leftmost column and the "Adapter's licence" types listed across the top row. The intersections of these rows and columns are colour-coded to indicate compatibility: green cells represent permissible combinations, yellow cells represent permissible combinations with some restrictions, and grey cells represent combinations that are not allowed. Colour-coded details: for Public Domain as original work, all adapter licences are green; for Attribution as original work, it is green for BY, BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA, BY-SA, BY-ND and yellow for PD; for Attribution NonCommercial as original work, it is green for BY-NC, BY-NC-ND, BY-NC-SA and yellow for BY-NC, BY-ND, BY-SA, PD; for Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-NC-SA only and grey for all other adapter licences; for Attribution NoDerivatives as original work, it is grey for all adapter licences; for Attribution ShareAlike as original work, it is green for BY-SA only and grey is grey for all adapter licences." =height="850" width="850" "display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> [[Yes, if you acknowledge it, after all, it is still Creative Commons|Adaptation Q3 wrong1]] [[No, because it is a NonDerivatives licence|Adaptation Q3 wrong2]] [[It depends|Adaptation Q3 correct]] <small>Image recreated from a chart by Creative Commons, licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"; target="_blank">CC BY 4.0</a></span>, <a href= "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/CC_Adapter%27s_License_Chart.png"; target= "_blank">via Wikimedia Commons</a></span>.</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a graphic of a man."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"; target="_blank">offical website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>. </small></center></div> <center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center> You find yourself higher in the tree. You chose the less restrictive licence again. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></div></center> You find yourself higher in the tree. Well done, you are here again. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution Share-Alike icon** <small>The deeds are available on the licence’s <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself higher in the tree. Well done, you are here again. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial Share-Alike icon** <small>The deeds are available on the licence’s <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself higher in the tree. Well done, you are here again. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[You like climbing trees, so you have another go|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with an equal “=” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NoDerivatives icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">offcial website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/.png"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself higher in the tree. You chose one of the licences that isn't truly considered Open Access. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

<audio source src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/Sounds/tree.mp3"; alt="A magic whoosh sound followed by rustling tree branches." autoplay></audio> <div><center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth a with an equal “=” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;">**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives icon** <small>The full licence terms are available on the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">official website</a></span>. You can download the licence icon to include in your new work from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a></span>.</small> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/ccBranch3.jpg"; alt="Another view from the same tree, but higher up in the branches at the top of the canopy."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></center></div> You find yourself higher in the tree, though you chose the most restrictive of the Creative Commons licences, remember it is not truly Open Access. //$name, you’ve reached the top of the decision tree. What would you like to do next?// [[Have another go with a different view|Again]] [[You want to get down the tree|Tree END]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

''Hi, I’m Erica, the Copyright Lead at Coventry University Group.'' This resource is your complete guide to ''Creative Commons licences'', whether you’re familiar with them or just starting out. Feel free to explore, learn, and share! <small>From now on, ''“CC” refers to Creative Commons'' throughout this activity. Please be aware that there will be sound during this activity.</small> <div><img src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/heart.black.png"; alt="The letters CC inside a heart-shape icon."; style= "width: 10%; height: 10%";></div>[[Click here to begin!|Home]] |box>[<div>**Tip**: Use the side arrows to navigate forward or backward as you work through the resource.</div>] You may find a downloadable version of this resource <a href="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/CClicences.odt"; target="_blank">here</a>.</span> <span style="font-size: 70%">This material is for guidance only and does not constitute legal advice. If in doubt, seek professional assistance. <span style="font-size: 90%">"CC licences" was created by Erica Levi. © Coventry University. (2025). Licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.</span> <small><a href= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsHome/Disclaimer-and-Takedown-Policy-2024.pdf"; target= "_blank">Disclaimer and Takedown Policy</a>.</div>

(set: $by to 0)(set: $bync to 0)(set: $bysa to 0)(set: $byncsa to 0)(set: $byncnd to 0)(set: $pd to 0) (set:(set: $name to (prompt: "''What’s your first name?'' This activity won’t save it. It just for a personal touch as we go along!", "Licence Legend")) (goto:"Intro")

''CC licences are built on copyright law, which aims to balance creators’ rights with access to knowledge.'' They let copyright holders share their work under an open licence, making it freely available online for reuse, without needing to ask for permission. This approach benefits everyone: researchers, funders, students, librarians, scholarly societies, publishers, and the public. While CC licences give upfront permission, they come with conditions, like proper attribution and other requirements you’ll discover soon. |box>[One key point: once granted, an open licence cannot be revoked.] //$name, what do you want to do next?// [[Origins of CC licences|History]] [[Other open licences (besides CC)|Open]] [[Explore the different CC licences|CC]] [[Choosing a licence for your new work|Tree]] [[Correctly using CC-licensed material|User]] [[Finding Open Access resources|Jar]]

''When the internet emerged, it quickly became clear that traditional copyright law wasn’t built for the digital age.'' An imbalance has persisted between outdated copyright rules and the possibilities the internet offers. As sharing online has become effortless, copyright law still doesn’t allow “just sharing” and has continued to struggle to keep pace, even today. In December 2001, the Open Society Institute hosted a conference in Budapest to promote open access, then called //Free Online Scholarship//. This led to the //Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI)// in 2002, a landmark statement that set out principles for free access to research literature and shaped the open access movement. Meanwhile, online communities thrived, creating, remixing, and sharing content to make creative works freely available. In the same year, Lawrence Lessig and collaborators founded ''Creative Commons'', introducing a suite of licences that let creators keep their copyright while sharing works under more flexible terms than the traditional “all rights reserved”. CC licences were the first open licences ever created and have evolved through various versions; they’re still going strong today. [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]]

<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;"><left><caption>''There are six CC licences, and they’re built from four key elements''<p></p></caption></left> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/by.png"; alt="A graphic of a man inside a circle"; height="50" width="50"></td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''BY: the Attribution element of the CC licences'' The original creator must be credited. All of the CC licences include this condition.</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/nc.png"; alt="A graphic of a "$" inside a circle with a line through it"; height="50" width="50"> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''NC: the NonCommercial element of the CC licences'' The work can only be used for non-commercial purposes. Three of the CC licences include this restriction. </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/sa.png"; alt="A graphic of a circle with a line through it followed by a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise inside a third circle"; height="50" width="50"> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''SA: the ShareAlike element of the CC licences'' Adaptations must be shared under the same licence. Two of the CC licences include this condition. </tr> <tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/nd.png"; alt="A graphic of an "=" inside a circle"; height="50" width="50"> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''ND: the NoDerivatives element of the CC licences'' Users cannot share adaptations of the work. Two of the CC licences include this condition. |boxgrey>[<div>When ND is included, the licence is ''not considered open''.</div>] </tr> </table> <p style="margin-top: 20px;"> [[Let's look at the six CC licences|Licences]]

(set: $pd to 6) Open licences are based on a simple principle: giving permission in advance for people to reuse material. In other words, the copyright owner grants a licence from the moment their work is created or published. ''Open licences help knowledge circulate, driving research, innovation, and the progress of humankind.'' Beyond the CC licences covered in this activity, there are other open licences worth knowing about: * <a href= "https://artlibre.org/licence/lal/en/"; target= "_blank">''Free Art License (Copyleft)''</a> - Lets you freely copy, share, and transform creative works without any changes to the licence. It’s compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) licence. * <a href= "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/"; target= "_blank">''Open Government Licence''</a> Used for works published by the UK government, and other public sector bodies, and includes Crown Copyright works. The National Archives developed it and is compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. * ''Work of the United States Government'' - Created by federal employees as part of their official duties. These works are generally not entitled to domestic copyright protection under US law. They are, therefore, in the public domain. [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]] [[What is the public domain?|PD]]

<table style="border-collapse: collapse;"><caption>''The six CC licences, click and explore''<p></p></caption> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a graphic of a man.";></td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">[[The CC Licence Attribution|BYAtt]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise.";></td><td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">[[The CC licence Attribution Share-Alike|SAl]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign.";></td><td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">[[The CC Licence Attribution NonCommercial|NCom]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."></td><td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">[[The CC Licence Attribution NonCommercial Share-Alike|NCSAl]] </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with an equal “=” sign.";></td><td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">[[The CC Licence Attribution NoDerivatives|NDv]]</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth a with an equal “=” sign.";></td><td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">[[The CC Licence Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives|NCNDer]] </tr> </table> <p style="margin-top: 20px;"> |box>[<div>All CC licences share one key requirement: the original creator or copyright owner'' must be acknowledged.''</div>] <p style="margin-top: 20px;"> //$name, if you’re already familiar with them, maybe you’d like to dive deeper:// <p style="margin-top: 20px;"> [[Explore how CC licences work technically|Layers]] <p style="margin-top: 20px;"> [[Understand the wording in CC licence statements and what the version means|Statement]]

<center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a graphic of a man."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> </center><center>**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution icon**</center> This is the most open of the Creative Commons licences. You’re happy for others to use your material, build upon it, and even sell their new creations, if they credit you as the original creator. |box>[<div>**Why might you allow commercial use of your work?** Sometimes, whether you profit from your creation is irrelevant. You may not even have a system in place for selling your work. For example, imagine you’ve taken stunning photographs on your latest holiday and uploaded them to Flickr. You never intended to sell them, but if someone uses one for a book cover or a travel guide and acknowledges you as the photographer, that recognition could feel like a fantastic appreciation of your skills.</div>] //Your statement should read:// |quote>[//author(s)/copyright owner(s)//. (//year//). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons licence Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] //For example:// |quote>[© Erica Levi. (2025). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons licence Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] <small>You should also include the licence icon, which you can download from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a>.</small> //$name, what do you want to do next?// [[Go back to the CC licences list to explore them all|Licences]] [[Take a quiz to test your understanding|CC BY]] [[Learn how CC licences work technically|Layers]] [[Understand the wording in CC licence statements and what the version means|Statement]]

<center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing two circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC and the second with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> </center><center>** The Creative Commons licence: Attribution Share-Alike icon** </center> You’re happy for others to use your material, build upon it, and even sell their new creations, if they credit you as the original creator and apply the same licence you used. |box>[<div>**Why choose this licence?** You may want to ensure that no one adds restrictive elements to works derived from yours. For example, platforms like Wikimedia or Wikipedia require minimum standards for uploaded content, including specific licensing terms. Using ShareAlike guarantees that derivatives remain equally open.</div>] //Your statement should read:// |quote>[//author(s)/copyright owner//. (//year//). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] //For example:// |quote>[© Erica Levi. (2025). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons licence Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] <small>You should also include the licence icon, which you can download from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a>.</small> //$name, what do you want to do next?// [[Go back to the CC licences list to explore them all|Licences]] [[Take a quiz to test your understanding|CC BY]] [[Learn how CC licences work technically|Layers]] [[Understand the wording in CC licence statements and what the version means|Statement]]

<img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"><center>**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial icon**</center> You’re happy for others to use your material in other resources or build upon it, but you don’t want them to sell their work. You also require that they credit you as the original creator. //Your statement should reads:// |quote>[//author(s)/copyright owner(s)//. (//year//). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] //For example:// |quote>[© Erica Levi. (2025). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] <small>You should also include the licence icon, which you can download from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a>.</small> //$name, what do you want to do next?// [[Go back to the CC licences list to explore them all|Licences]] [[Take a quiz to test your understanding|CC BY]] [[Learn how CC licences work technically|Layers]] [[Understand the wording in CC licence statements and what the version means|Statement]]

<center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing three circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man and the third with an equal “=” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"></center><center>**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NoDerivatives icon**</center> You might choose this licence when you want to guarantee the integrity of your material, while still allowing it to be included, unchanged, in other resources, even those that are sold. This can be useful, for example, if you wish to retain features of your creation so that others may not mistakenly attribute any changes to you. //Your statement should read:// |quote>[//author(s)/copyright owner(s)//. (//year//). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] //For example:// |quote>[© Erica Levi. (2025). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] <small>You should also include the licence icon, which you can download from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a>.</small> //$name, what do you want to do next?// [[Go back to the CC licences list to explore them all|Licences]] [[Take a quiz to test your understanding|CC BY]] [[Learn how CC licences work technically|Layers]] [[Understand the wording in CC licence statements and what the version means|Statement]]

<center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-nd.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth a with an equal “=” sign."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"></center><center>**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives icon**</center> This is the most restrictive of the Creative Commons licences. You might choose it when you want to preserve the integrity of your work and prevent it from being included in material that could be sold. This can be useful, for example, if you wish to retain your creation's originality so that other people may not think that any changes may be attributed to you, even accidentally. |box>[This can be useful if you want to maintain your creation’s originality so that any changes cannot be mistakenly attributed to you. However, consider how the NonCommercial element may limit the circulation of your resource; for example, it might exclude your work from course packs or other educational materials.] //Your statement should read:// |quote>[//author(s)/copyright owner(s)//. (//year//). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] //For example//: |quote>[© Erica Levi. (2025). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] <small>You should also include the licence icon, which you can download from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a>.</small> //$name, what do you want to do next?// [[Go back to the CC licences list to explore them all|Licences]] [[Take a quiz to test your understanding|CC BY]] [[Learn how CC licences work technically|Layers]] [[Understand the wording in CC licence statements and what the version means|Statement]]

<center><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/cc-by-nc-sa.png"; alt="A rectangle circumscribing four circles next to each other: one slightly bigger with the letter CC, the second with a graphic of a man, the third with a line through over a dollar “$” sign, and the fourth with a C-shaped arrow pointing counter-clockwise."; style ="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"></center><center>**The Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial Share-Alike icon**</center> You’re happy for others to use your material or build upon it, but you don’t want them to sell their work. You also require that they credit you as the original creator and apply the same licence to any derivative works. |box>[<div>**Why choose ShareAlike?** You may want to prevent others from adding restrictive elements to works derived from yours. You might also want derivatives to meet the licensing requirements of platforms such as Wikimedia or Wikipedia, which specify how material can be shared.</div>] //Your acknowledgement should read:// |quote>[//author(s)/copyright owner//. (//year//). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.</span>] //For example:// |quote>[© Erica Levi. (2025). This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) available on its <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"; target="_blank">website</a>.] <small>You should also include the licence icon, which you can download from <a href="https://creativecommons.org/mission/downloads/"; target="_blank">here</a>.</small> //$name, what do you want to do next?// [[Go back to the CC licences list to explore them all|Licences]] [[Take a quiz to test your understanding|CC BY]] [[Learn how CC licences work technically|Layers]] [[Understand the wording in CC licence statements and what the version means|Statement]]

You’re back at the base of the decision tree. ''So, what type of Creative Commons personality are you?'' Find out with this fun <a href="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/games/CCpersonalityQuiz.html"; target="_blank">personality quiz</a></span>. It will open in a new tab (''don’t forget to come back!''). As a creator, it’s your responsibility to include the correct licence statement in your work so users can cite and acknowledge it properly. You can use the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/chooser/"; target="_blank">Creative Commons Licence Chooser</a> to help you build the statement.</span> //What do you want to do next?// [[How do you write the statement correctly?|Statement]] [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]]

Let’s explore this scenario: You’re creating a new resource and want to include some third-party material released under a CC licence. If you make considerable changes to a CC-licensed resource, you create an adaptation of the original. |box>[<div>**What is an adaptation?** An adaptation means creating a new version of the original with significant changes. You must acknowledge both the original work and the changes you’ve made.</div>] ''Important:'' Changes must be substantial; simply swapping a colour or increasing line thickness isn’t enough. The result must be noticeably different. |boxgrey>[<div>''Think of broccoli!'' You start with a raw cluster, wash it, cut it into smaller florets, season it, and cook it. You’ve made substantial changes to the original, but still broccoli it is. <center><img src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/broccoli.png"; alt="A green floret of broccoli is shown in a stylised graphic design with simple shapes and flat colours."></center></div>] [[Continue...|Adaptations1]] <small>Image public domain</small>

Let's look at when users wish to remix CC-licensed work. Mixing and adapting are conceptually different. |boxgrey>[<div>''Think of smoothies!'' You mix fruit from different sources to create a wholly new creation where you cannot distinguish the original pieces. <center><img src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/smoothie.png"; alt="A drinking transparent glass with an orange smoothie inside is shown in a stylised graphic design with simple shapes and flat colours."; style= "width: 20%; height: 20%";></center></div>] [[Continue...|Mixing1]] <small>Image public domain</small>

<div><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsHome/openJar.jpg"; alt="Five clear glass jars with shiny gold lids are lined up. Each jar contains a different spice or herb: from left to right, green dried leaves, reddish powder, bright yellow powder, another reddish-orange powder, and dark green dried leaves. The colours are vivid, and the jars sit on a dark surface with a blurred warm-toned background."; style= "width: 80%; height: 80%";></div> <big>''Open Resource Jar</big> Search Smart, Reuse Right Explore handpicked sites full of free goodies you can use!'' It is easy to use search engines to find resources, but often we are unsure whether we can use them. <a href= "https://wp.coventry.domains/openresourcejar/"; target="_blank">Open Resource Jar</a></span> is a curated site that lists websites offering free resources for reuse. You may use the functions to browse and to search by keyword or categories. <small>The site is hosted on another domain.</small> <div><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsHome/openJarQR.png"; alt="A QR code to go to the Open Resource Jar website."; style= "width: 20%; height: 20%";></cent</div> [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]] <small>Image adapted from Adobe Stock generated by Firefly</small>

|box>[<div>''A word on Attributions....'' All CC licences require attribution. The “BY” condition is explicitly stated in all versions except 1.0, but even in version 1.0, ''attribution remains mandatory''. The specific requirements for attribution vary slightly across versions and become progressively more flexible over time. Under every licence version, a licensor may choose to release a work anonymously and waive the attribution requirement by not providing authorship information.</div>] |box>[<div>''A word on ShareAlike...'' When remixing ShareAlike content, your adapted work must be licensed under the ''same licence'' as the material you are adapting. All licences issued after version 1.0 also allow you to license your contributions under a later version of the same licence.</div>] |box>[<div>''A word on NonCommercial...'' The scope of permitted uses under the NonCommercial licences has remained unchanged across all versions. It prohibits use ''in any manner that is primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation''. If you adapt material licensed under BY-NC, your adapted work’s licence must also include the NC restriction.</div>] |box>[<div>''A word on NoDerivatives...'' ''The distribution of adaptations is not permitted.'' In versions before 4.0, even creating adaptations is prohibited. In version 4.0, adaptations are allowed only for personal use and may not be distributed.</div>] [[Go back to the introduction|Intro]]

''What is Public Domain (PD/CC0)?'' * Creative works that are not protected by copyright * No exclusive copyright applies * No licence can apply, not even CC licences * Works are freely available to the public * New creativity and knowledge can be built upon them |box>[Note: Any reproduction of work in the public domain may be freshly subject to copyright] |boxgrey>[<div>''What can you do with public domain material?'' Public domain material allows almost anything; however, its use may be limited because: * It could still be under copyright in some countries. * It may still be subject to other intellectual property restrictions. For example, moral rights and trademarks are independent of copyright protection and may continue to exist even though the work is in the public domain.</div>] [[Find out how material ends up in the public domain|PDtypes]] [[Acknowledging public domain material|PDstat]] (if: $pd is 1)[[Go back|Adaptation Q1 correct]](if: $pd is 2)[[Go back|Adaptation Q1 wrong]](if: $pd is 3)[[Go back|Adaptation Q2 wrong]](if: $pd is 4)[[Go back|Adaptation Q2 correct]](if: $pd is 5)[[Go back|Mixing1]](if: $pd is 6)[[Go back|Open]]

<table style="border-collapse: collapse;"><caption>''How does material end up in the public domain? ''<p></p></caption> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/pd2.png"; alt="A zero with a line through it, inside a circle."; height="50" width="50" style="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/pd1.png"; alt="The same icon of a barred 0 with the words Public Domain, circumscribed in a rectangle."; style="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"><center> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''CC0'' CC0 is a legal tool that enables creators to dedicate their work to the public domain worldwide. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;"><img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/pd3.png"; alt="A circle with a C inside and a line running diagonally from top left to right across the circle."; height="50" width="50" style="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"> <img src="https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assets/pd4.png"; alt="The same icon of a barred C with the words Public Domain, circumscribed in a rectangle."; style="display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto;"><center> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''Public Domain Mark'' The Public Domain Mark is a label used to inform the public of a work's public domain (PD) status. It is primarily used by museums and archives for very old works, as it identifies works known to be free of all copyright restrictions. It is not a legal tool and has no legal effect when applied to a work. </td> </tr> </table> <p style="margin-top: 20px;"> [[Go deeper into how a copyright work eventually falls into the public domain|PD2]] <p style="margin-top: 20px;"> [[Acknowledging public domain material|PDstat]] (if: $pd is 1)[[Go back|Adaptation Q1 correct]](if: $pd is 2)[[Go back|Adaptation Q1 wrong]](if: $pd is 3)[[Go back|Adaptation Q2 wrong]](if: $pd is 4)[[Go back|Adaptation Q2 correct]](if: $pd is 5)[[Go back|Mixing1]](if: $pd is 6)[[Go back|Open]]

Once copyright expires, a work enters the public domain, and anyone may use or copy it. Any reproduction of a work in the public domain, if sufficiently original, may itself be subject to copyright. Because copyright law is territorial, a work may be in the public domain in one country but not in another. |box>[<div>How long does copyright last? * The duration of copyright is very complex and depends on * The type of work * The creation date * Whether the work was published or unpublished * Whether the author is identifiable * The geographical jurisdiction where copyright applies.</div>] In the UK... <table style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''Work Type''</td> <td style="text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">''Expiry''</td> </tr> <tr> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Literary, dramatic, musical, and artistic works</td> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">70 years after the death of the author(s)</td> </tr> <tr> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Film</td> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">70 years from the death of the last survivor of the following persons: director; author of the screenplay; author of the dialogue (if different); composer of the music specially created for the film</td> </tr> <tr> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Sound recording</td> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">50 years from the year in which the recording was made or, if published, 70 years from publication</td> </tr> <tr> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Broadcasts</td> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">50 years from transmission</td> </tr> <tr> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">Typographical arrangements</td> <td style= "text-align: left; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px;">25 years from publication</td> </tr> </table><small> Download it from <a href= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/PDtime.odt" target= "_blank">here</a></span>. Inspect and download two flowcharts: <a href= "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/information-management/non-crown-copyright-flowchart.pdf" target= "_blank">Non-Crown copyright material expiring</a></span>, and <a href= "https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/information-management/crown-copyright-flowchart.pdf" target= "_blank">Crown copyright material expiring</a>.</span> You can also download the <a href= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/PDmap.pdf" target= "_blank">map</a> below.</small> <div><img src= "https://ericalevi.coventry.domains/assetsEryl/PDmap.jpg"; alt="A world map shows that most countries’ copyright lasts between 50 and 70 years from the creator's death. In Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico (South and Central America) and Equi Guinea, Bissau Guinea (Africa) it is longer, and in Somalia (Africa) is shorter."; style= "width: 100%; height: 100%";></div> [[Acknowledging public domain material|PDstat]] (if: $pd is 1)[[Go back|Adaptation Q1 correct]](if: $pd is 2)[[Go back|Adaptation Q1 wrong]](if: $pd is 3)[[Go back|Adaptation Q2 wrong]](if: $pd is 4)[[Go back|Adaptation Q2 correct]](if: $pd is 5)[[Go back|Mixing1]](if: $pd is 6)[[Go back|Open]]

''Dedicating your work to the Public Domain'' If you dedicate your work to the public domain, you may include a note in your material, for example: |quote>[This resource was created by Erica Levi. Public Domain.] Or simply, |quote>[Public Domain.] ''Acknowledging Public Domain Material'' If you use public domain material, acknowledgement is not mandatory, but it is considered good practice for academic rigour and future reference. For example: |quote>[//author(s).// CC0. //URL//] [[Go deeper into how a copyright work eventually falls into the public domain|PD2]] (if: $pd is 1)[[Go back|Adaptation Q1 correct]](if: $pd is 2)[[Go back|Adaptation Q1 wrong]](if: $pd is 3)[[Go back|Adaptation Q2 wrong]](if: $pd is 4)[[Go back|Adaptation Q2 correct]](if: $pd is 5)[[Go back|Mixing1]](if: $pd is 6)[[Go back|Open]]